491. ¿Qué forma es la correcta?: Change can effect children in many ways. / Change can affect children in many ways.

Pese a que tanto effect como affect son verbos, sus significados difieren entre sí. Affect implica ejercer una influencia sobre alguien o algo, mientras que effect significa ‘causar’ o ‘provocar’. Un cambio puede provocar muchas cosas, pero no ‘obtener’ o ‘producir’ niños. Por lo tanto, en este caso la opción correcta sería affect:

Imagen 27 Change can effect children in many ways.

Imagen 26 Change can affect children in many ways.

Effect es más frecuente como sustantivo y significa ‘surtir, o tener, efecto’:

The death of his father had a profound effect on Clarence.

Mary had followed the instructions, but the treatment seemed to be having little or no effect.

Algunas publicaciones bastante serias se equivocan al utilizar affect en lugar del verbo effect, que significa ‘ocasionar’ o ‘causar’, y normalmente aparece junto a sustantivos como change y solution:

Politics isn’t the only way to effect real change.

We want to effect a solution that will produce a lasting peace.

Affect es la más común de ambas cuando funciona como verbo. Significa ‘influir’ o ‘tener un efecto sobre alguien o algo’:

Eliot was profoundly affected by his parents’ break up.

These changes will disproportionately affect people on low wages.

Affect como verbo tiene un significado menos usual, expresando la idea de que algo no es auténtico pero se hace para impresionar a la gente:

Although born in Alabama, she affected a British accent, for reasons nobody could figure out.

Affecting an air of indifference was nothing new to Clifford.

No resulta sorprendente que hablantes nativos y no nativos, por igual, confundan ambas palabras, ya que la pronunciación es idéntica (/ə’fekt/) y gráficamente se diferencian solo en una letra. Esto se debe a que el origen de ambas palabras, tras muchas idas y venidas y no pocas vueltas y revueltas, se remonta a la forma latina facere (participio pasado: factus), de la que también proceden hacer en español, facer en gallego y fer en catalán. A esta raíz se agregaron los prefijos ex- y ad-, pero estos sonidos se perdieron como ocurrió con los verbos españoles efectuar y afectar.

Un proceso similar subyace detrás de la confusión entre assure, ensure e insure, palabras que tienen como origen el término securus, a su vez está formado por el prefijo se- (‘sin’) y el sustantivo curus (‘cuidado’). Aunque en ocasiones estas tres palabras pueden solaparse entre sí, assure significa ‘asegurar o hacer que alguien esté seguro de algo’, objetivo que, por lo general, se consigue hablando:

Mr Coccotti assured me that the delivery would arrive this morning.

I assure you that we have every faith in your ability.

Con reassure indicamos que se hace o dice algo para despejar las dudas que alguien podría albergar:

Nicky gave her a smile that reassured her. Everything was going to be all right.

Ensure significa ‘asegurarse de que algo suceda o no’. Ensure suele implicar acción:

A 3-0 win has ensured the team a place in the semi-final.

Please ensure that staff are notified if your child has an allergy or medical condition.

Insure supone la compra de un seguro; es decir, se paga dinero a cambio de protección, por lo general en forma de indemnización, por si ocurriese algo malo:

They’ve insured the painting for over 2 million!

The company needs to insure itself against a dramatic fall in prices.

Las semejanzas entre estos verbos se pueden apreciar en la forma en que las compañías aseguradoras británicas comercializan la life insurance, modalidad con la que no se percibe dinero a menos que se fallezca en un período determinado, y la life assurance, que el asegurado paga hasta el día de su muerte, momento en el que sus seres queridos se comprarán un coche nuevo o se irán de vacaciones para olvidarle.

Las 500 dudas más frecuentes del inglés
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