453. ¿Bitch significa ‘puta’?

No, en realidad no. Aunque hay una equivalencia razonable entre la expresión española hijo de puta y la expresión son of a bich, fundamentalmente americana, no puede decirse que exista la misma equivalencia entre el término español puta y el inglés bitch.

La palabra bitch tiene distintos usos, ninguno de los cuales denota venta de sexo a cambio de dinero. Su significado original es, simplemente, ‘perra’, ‘zorra’ o ‘loba’:

You will need to decide whether to buy a dog or a bitch.

Aplicado a las mujeres, bitch se suele usar para referirse a una mujer desagradable o rencorosa:

She can be a real bitch, sometimes.

—Then she went and told the boss. —What a bitch!

De estos usos deriva la forma adjetival, bitchy, que significa ‘malicioso y crítico’, y que puede aplicarse tanto a hombres como a mujeres. No llega a considerarse una palabra tabú, aunque sin duda no es apropiada en conversaciones profesionales:

The best fun at weddings is listening to all the bitchy comments about what everyone else is wearing.

I told him to stop being bitchy as we needed to start working as a team.

A veces, sin embargo, la palabra bitch se usa peyorativamente como equivalente de ‘mujer’. Este uso tiene a menudo connotaciones negativas de promiscuidad, y es claramente ofensivo. Algunas mujeres jóvenes han querido revindicarlo orgullosamente, dándole la vuelta para convertirlo en un término positivo con el sentido de ‘sexualmente atractiva’:

After midnight, the place is full of bitches looking for guys like us.

Look at this photo of us all last Friday night. We’re seriously cool bitches.

Un uso reciente de bitch, bastante frecuente entre la gente joven, es el que se refiere a una persona que está absolutamente subordinada a otra. Se trata de un uso a menudo irónico y deliberadamente humorístico, pero no siempre:

They’re supposed to be managers, but they’re all just Tom’s bitches.

Can I do your photocopying? What, am I your bitch now?

Bitch también se puede usar para describir una cosa o situación desagradable:

Working every weekend is a bitch.

Not getting the job was a bitch, but life goes on.

Como verbo, bitch significa ‘quejarse de algo’. A diferencia del verbo complain, que es neutro, bitch a menudo sugiere que el hablante siente que las quejas son innecesarias o maliciosas:

They just sit around bitching about how much work they’ve got, and how unfair everything is.

We had a few drinks, and bitched about our husbands.

También se usa la expresión have a bitch about con el mismo sentido:

We had a good bitch about things over a coffee, and went back to work feeling better.

La dificultades de traducción que plantea la palabra española puta empiezan por el hecho de que, en español, es un término de uso mucho más frecuente que la mayoría de las designaciones alternativas a la palabra prostitute, que suelen ser eufemísticas o tabúes. Esto quiere decir que la palabra prostitute suele ser, en realidad, la mejor traducción tanto para puta como para prostituta:

The area is famous for being full of prostitutes.

En su mayoría, los diversos términos utilizados para designar a las prostitutas —tart, hooker, streetwalker (USA), call girl, escort— son eufemismos o tienen un uso menos amplio que puta. Los medios de comunicación modernos tienden a evitar incluso la palabra prostitute, y se prefiere el término sex-worker, con menos carga moral y de prejuicios:

Being a sex-worker allowed me to pay for university.

Whore se usa con el sentido de ‘prostituta’, aunque siempre ha tenido las connotaciones de ‘adúltera’ o ‘mujer indecorosa’, sin que necesariamente lleve implícita la idea de un intercambio económico de por medio. Se trata de un término que se tenía por desusado hasta que, en la década de 1990, los músicos de rap se apropiaron de él como sinónimo ofensivo de ‘mujer’, momento en el que whore (abreviado ho) parece haber cobrado nueva vida:

“There shall be no whore of the daughters of Israel” (Deuteronomio, 23:17, Biblia del rey Jacobo, 1611).

“We used to roll around and fuck the hoes at night” (letra de la canción Bitches Ain’t Shit, del rapero Dr. Dre).

La palabra slut también se usa más ampliamente para referirse a una mujer considerada indecente o sexualmente promiscua:

As an actress, her roles have ranged from a high school slut to a conservative 1950s housewife.

You’re not going out dressed like a slut!

El uso español del término puta con valor enfático se suele traducir mejor por fucking:

I haven’t got a fucking clue (no tengo ni puta idea).

He’s a fucking piece of shit / It’s fucking shit (es una puta mierda).

It’s fucking amazing! (está de puta madre).

Las 500 dudas más frecuentes del inglés
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