CHAPTER XIX
1. Spencer, Sociology, iii, 248.
3. Sarton, 378.
4. Ibid., 409, 428; Sedgwick and Tyler, 160.
5. Barnett, 188-90.
6. Muthu, 97.
7. De Morgan in Sarkar, 8.
8. Reference lost.
8a. Journal of the American Oriental Society, Vol. 51, No. I, p. 51.
9. Sarton, 601.
10. Monier-Williams, 174; Sedgwick 159; Sarkar, 12.
11. Ibid.
12. Muthu, 92; Sedgwick, 157f.
13. Ibid.; Lowie, R. H., Are We Civilized?, 269; Sarkar, 14.
14. Muthu, 92; Sarkar, 14-15.
15. Monier-Williams, 183-4.
16. Sedgwick, 157.
17. Sarkar, 17.
18. Sedgwick, 157; Muthu, 94; Sarkar, 23-4.
19. Muthu, 97; Radhak., i, 317-8.
20. Sarkar, 36f.
21. Ibid., 37-8.
22. Muthu, 104; Sarkar, 39-46. 22a. Ibid., 45.
23. Garrison, 71; Sarkar, 56.
24. Sarkar, 57-9.
25. Ibid., 63.
26. Lajpat Rai, Unhappy India, 163-4.
27. Sarkar, 63.
28. Ibid., 65.
29. Muthu, 14.
30. Sarton, 77; Garrison, 71.
31. Barnett, 220.
32. Muthu, 50.
33. Ibid., 39; Barnett, 221; Sarton, 480.
34. Sarton, 77; Garrison, 72.
35. Muthu, 26; Macdonell, 180.
36. Garrison, 29.
37. Muthu, 26.
38. Ibid., 27.
39. Garrison, 70.
40. Ibid., 71.
41. Macdonell, 179.
42. Harding, T. Swann, Fads, Frauds and Physicians, 147.
43. Watters, i, 174; Venkateswara, 193.
44. Barnett, 224; Garrison, 71.
45. Ibid.; Muthu, 33.
46. Garrison, 71; Lajpat Rai, Unhappy India, 286.
47. Eliot, i, lxxxix; Lajpat Rai, 285.
48. Muthu, 44.
49. Garrison, 73.
50. Ibid., 72.
51. Macdonell, 180.
52. Havell, History, 255.
53. Lajpat Rai, 287.
54. Radhak, i, 55.
56. Müller, Six Systems, 11; Havell, History, 412.
57. Das Gupta, 406.
58. Havell, History, 208.
59. Coomaraswamy, Dance, f. p. 130.
60. Davids, Dialogues, ii, 26f; Müller, Six Systems, 17; Radhak, i, 483.
61. Keyserling, Travel Diary, i, 106; 11,157.
62. Müller, Six Systems, 219, 235; Radhak., i, 57, 276, ii, 23; Das Gupta, 8.
63. Radhak., ii, 36, 43.
64. Ibid., 34, 127, 173; Müller, 427.
65. Radhak., i, 281, ii, 42, 134.
66. Gowen, Indian Literature, 127; Radhak, ii, 29, 197, 202, 227; Dutt, Civilization of India, 35; Müller, 438; Chatterji, J. C., The Hindu Realism, 20, 22.
67. Radhak., ii, 249.
68. Ibid.
69. Gowen, 128.
70. Ibid., 30; Monier-Williams, 78; Müller, 84, 219f.
70a. E.g., XII, 13703.
70b. Radhak., ii, 249.
71. Macdonell, 93.
72. Müller, x.
73. Kapila, The Aphorisms of the Sankhya Philosophy, Aph. 79.
74. Gour, 23.
75. Eliot, ii, 302; Monier-Williams, 88.
76. Kapila, Aph. 98.
77. Monier-Williams, 84.
78. Müller, xi.
79. Kapila, Aph. 100; Monier-Williams, 88.
80. Kapila, p. 75, Aph. 67.
81. Radhak., i, 279.
82. In Brown, B., Hindus, 212.
83. Eliot, ii, 301.
84. Kapila in Brown, B., Hindus, 213.
85. Kapila, Aph. 56.
86. Ibid., Aphs. 83-4.
87. In Brown, B., 211.
88. Monier-Williams, 90-1.
89. Ibid., 92.
90. Rig-veda x, 136.3; Radhak., i, III.
91. Eliot, i, 303.
92. Arrian, Anabasis, VII, 3.
93. Some authorities, however, attribute the Yoga-sutra to the fourth century AD.—Radhak., ii, 340.
94. Watters, i, 148.
95. Polo, 300.
96. Lorenz, 356.
97. Chatterji, India’s Outlook on Life, 6In; Radhak., i, 337.
98. Müller, Six Systems, 324-5.
99. Coomaraswamy, Dance, 50; Radhak., ii, 344; Das Gupta, S., Yoga as Philosophy and Religion, vii; Parmelee, 64; Eliot, i, 303-4; Davids, Buddhist India, 242.
100. Chatterji, India’s Outlook, 65.
101. Müller, Six Systems, 349.
102. The World as Will and Idea, tr. Haldane and Kemp, iii, 254; Eliot, i, 309.
103. Radhak., ii, 360.
104. Vyasa in Radhak., ii, 362.
105. Eliot, i, 305; Radhak., ii, 371; Müller, 308-10, 324-5.
106. Chatterji, Realism, 6; Dubois, 98.
107. Patanjali in Brown, B., Hindus, 183; Radhak., i, 366.
108. Das Gupta, Yoga, 157; Eliot, i, 319; Chatterji, India’s Outlook, 40.
109. Dubois, 529, 601.
110. Eliot, ii, 295.
111. Radhak., ii, 494; Das Gupta, History, 434.
112. Radhak., i, 45-6.
113. Radhak., ii, 528-31, 565-87; Deussen, Paul, System of the Vedanta, 241-4; Macdonell, 47; Radhakrishnan, S., The Hindu View of Life, 65-6; Otto, 3.
114. Eliot, i, xlii-iii; Deussen, Vedanta, 272, 458.
115. Radhak., ii, 544f.
115a. Guénon, René, Man and His Becoming, 259.
116. Deussen, 39, 126, 139, 212.
117. Coomaraswamy, Dance, 113.
118. Müller, Six Systems, 194.
119. Eliot, ii, 312; Deussen, 255, 300, 477; Radhak., ii, 633, 643.
120. Deussen, 402-10, 457.
121. Eliot, ii, 40.
122. In Deussen, 106.
123. Ibid., 286.
124. Radhak., ii, 448.
125. In Müller, Six Systems, 181.
126. Radhak., ii, 771.
127. Dickinson, G. Lowes, An Essay on the Civilizations of India, China and Japan, 33.
128. Keyserling, Travel Diary, i, 257.
129. Isavasya Upanishad, in Brown, B., Hindus, 159.
130. Ibid.
131. De Intellectus Emendatione.
132. Cf. Otto, 219-32. Melamed, S. M., in Spinoza and Buddha, has tried to trace the influence of Hindu pantheism upon the great Jew of Amsterdam.
CHAPTER XX
1. Das Gupta, Yoga, 16; Radhak., ii, 570.
2. Macdonell, 61; Winternitz, 46-7.
3. Mahabharata, II, 5; Davids, Buddhist India, 108. Rhys Davids dates the oldest extant Indian (bark) MS. about the beginning of the Christian era. (Ibid., 124.)
4. Ibid., 118.
5. Indian Year Book, 1929, 633.
6. Winternitz, 33, 35.
7. Lajpat Rai, Unhappy India, 18, 27.
8. Venkateswara, 83; Max Müller in Hardie, 5.
9. Smith, Ox. H., 114.
10. Venkateswara, 83; Havell, History, 409.
11. Venkateswara, 85, 100, 239.
12. Ibid., 114, 84; Frazer, R. W., 161.
13. Venkateswara, 148.
14. Havell, History, Plate XLI.
15. Venkateswara, 231-2; Smith, Ox. H., 61; Havell, History, 140; Muthu, 32, 74; Modern Review, March, 1915, 334.
16. Watters, ii, 164-5.
17. Venkateswara, 239, 140, 121, 82; Muthu, 77.
18. Tod, i, 348n.
19. Ibid.
20. Ramayana, etc., 324.
21. Eliot, i, xc.
22. Tietjens, 246.
23. VI, 13, 50.
23a. Ramayana, etc., 303-7.
24. V, 1517; Monier-Williams, 448.
25. In Brown, B., Hindus, 41.
26. In Winternitz, 441.
27. In Brown, B., 27.
28. Eliot, ii, 200.
29. Radhak., i, 519; Winternitz, 17.
30. Professor Bhandakar in Radhak., i, 524.
31. Richard Garbe, ibid.
32. Arnold, The Song Celestial, 4-5.
33. Ibid., 9.
34. Ibid., 41, 31.
35. Macdonell, 91.
36. Gowen, 251; Müller, India, 81.
37. Arthur Lillie, in Rama and Homer, has tried to show that Homer borrowed both his subjects from the Indian epics; but there seems hardly any question that the latter are younger than the Iliad and the Odyssey.
38. Dutt, Ramayana, etc., 1-2.
39. Ibid., 77.
40. Ibid., 10.
41. Ibid., 34.
42. Ibid., 36.
43. Ibid., 47, 75.
44. Ibid., 145.
45. Gowen, Indian Literature, 203.
46. Ibid., 219.
47. Macdonell, 97-106.
48. In Gowen, 361.
49. Ibid., 363.
50. Monier-Williams, 476-94.
51. Gowen, 358-9.
52. Coomaraswamy, Dance, 33.
53. Kalidasa, Shakuntala, 101-3.
54. Ibid., 139-40.
55. Tr. by Monier-Williams, in Gowen, 317.
56. Frazer, R. W., 288.
57. Kalidasa, xiii.
58. Macdonell, 123-9.
59. Macdonell in Tietjens, 24-5.
60. In Gowen, 407-8.
61. Ibid., 504.
62. Ibid., 437-42.
63. Tietjens, 301; Gowen, 411-13; Barnett, Hart of India, 121.
64. Frazer, R. W., 365; Gowen, 487.
64a. Coomaraswamy, Dance, 105; Rolland, Prophets, 6n.
65. Barnett, Heart, 54.
66. Sir George Grierson in Smith, Akbar, 420.
67. Macdonell, 226; Winternitz, 476; Gandhi, His Own Story, 71.
68. Barnett, Heart, 63.
69. Venkateswara, 246, 249; Havell, History, 237.
70. Frazer, R. W., 318n.
71. Ibid., 345.
72. Eliot, ii, 263; Gowen, 491; Dutt, 101.
73. Tr. by Tagore.
74. Kabir, Songs of Kabir, tr. by R. Tagore, 91, 69.
75. Eliot, ii, 262.
76. Ibid., 265.
CHAPTER XXI
1. Coomaraswamy, History, 4.
2. Ibid., Plate II, 2.
3. Fergusson, i, 4.
4. Smith, Akbar, 412.
5. Coomaraswamy, fig. 381.
6. Ibid., 134.
7. Ibid., figs. 368-78.
8. Ibid., 139.
9. Ibid., 137.
10. Ibid., 138.
11. Smith, Akbar, 422.
12. Coomaraswamy, Dance, 73.
13. Program of dances by Shankar, New York, 1933.
14. Coomaraswamy, Dance, 75, 78.
15. Brown, Percy, Indian Painting, 121.
16. Childe, Ancient East, 37; Brown, P., 15, III.
17. Havell, Ideals, 132; Brown, P., 17.
18. Ibid., 38.
19. Ibid., 20.
20. E.g., by Faure, History of Art, ii, 26; and Havell, Architecture, 150.
21. Brown, P., 29-30.
22. Havell, Architecture, Plate XLIV; Fischer, Otto, Die Kunst Indiens, Chinas und Japans, 200.
23. Havell, Architecture, 149.
24. Coomaraswamy, History, figs. 7 and 185.
25. Havell, Architecture, Pl. XLV.
26. Fischer, Tafel VI.
27. Ibid., 188-94.
29. Coomaraswamy, Dance, Pl. XVIII.
30. Coomaraswamy, History, fig. 269.
31. Brown, P., 120.
32. Cf. a charming example in Fischer, 273.
33. Brown, P., 8, 47, 50, 100; Smith, Ox. H., 128; Smith, Akbar, 428-30.
34. Brown, P., 85.
35. Ibid., 96.
36. Ibid., 89; Smith, Akbar, 429.
37. Ibid., 226.
38. Coomaraswamy, Dance, 26.
39. Havell, Ideals, 46.
40. Fenollosa, i, 30; Fergusson, i, 52; Smith, Ox. H., III.
41. Gour, 530; Havell, History, in.
42. Coomaraswamy, History, 70.
43. Fenollosa, i, 4, 81; Thomas, E. J., 221; Coomaraswamy, Dance, 52; Eliot, i, xxxi; Smith, Ox. H., 67.
44. Fischer, 168; Central Museum, Lahore.
45. Fenollosa, i, 81.
46. Coomaraswamy, History, fig. 168.
47. Ca. 950 A.D.; Coomaraswamy, History, fig. 222; Lucknow Museum.
48. Ca. 1050 A.D.; Coomaraswamy, History, fig. 223; Lucknow Museum.
49. Ca. 750 A.D.; Havell, History, f. p. 204.
50. Ca. 950 A.D.; Coomaraswamy, History, Pl. LXX.
51. Ca. 700; Havell, History, f. 244; a variant, in copper, from the 17th century, is in the British Museum.
52. Ca. 750; Coomaraswamy, Dance, p. 26.
53. Ca. 1650; Coomaraswamy, History, fig. 248.
54. Fenollosa, i, f. 84.
55. Fischer, Tafel XVI; Coomaraswamy, History, CVI; Boston Museum of Fine Arts.
56. Coomaraswamy, fig. 333.
57. Gangoly, O. C., Indian Architecture, xxxiv-viii.
58. Ibid., frontispiece.
59. Havell, Ideals, f. 168.
60. Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York City; Coomaraswamy, History, fig. 101.
61. Havell, Ideals, f. 34.
62. Ca. 100 A.D.; Coomaraswamy, XCVIII.
63. Ibid., xcv.
64. Havell, History, 104; Fergusson, i, 51.
65. Davids, Buddhist India, 70.
66. Havell, Architecture, 2; Smith, Ox. H., III; Eliot, iii, 450; Coomaraswamy, History, 22.
67. Spooner, D. B., in Gowen, 270.
68. Fischer, 144-5.
69. In Smith, Ox. H., 112.
70. Havell, History, 106; Coomaraswamy, History, 17.
71. Havell, Architecture, 55.
72. Fergusson, i, 119.
73. Coomaraswamy, History, fig. 54.
74. Ibid., fig. 31.
74a. Fergusson, i, 55; Coomaraswamy, 19.
75. Fischer, 186.
76. Ibid., Tafel IV.
77. Ibid., 175.
78. Havell, Architecture, 98, and Pl. XXV.
79. Fergusson, ii, 26.
80. Havell, Architecture, Pl. XIV.
81. Fergusson, ii, frontispiece.
82. Coomaraswamy, LXVIII.
83. Fergusson, ii, 41 and Pl. XX.
84. Ibid., 101.
85. Fergusson, ii, Pl. XXIV.
86. Ibid., 138-9.
87. Coomaraswamy, History, fig. 252.
88. Havell, History, f. p. 344.
89. Havell, Architecture, Plates LXXIVVI.
90. Fischer, 214-5.
91. Loti, 168; Fergusson, ii, 7, 32, 87.
92. E.g., the temple at Baroli, Fergusson, ii, 133.
93. Fergusson, i, 352.
94. Ibid., Pl. XII, p. 424.
95. Ibid.
96. Gangoly, Pl. LXXIV.
97. Coomaraswamy, History, fig. 211; Fischer, 251.
98. Fergusson, i, 448.
99. Macdonell, 83.
100. Coomaraswamy, History, fig. 192; Fischer, 221.
101. Ibid., 222.
102. Havell, Architecture, 195; Fergusson, i, 327, 342, 348.
103. E.g., Mukerji, D. G., Visit India with Me, New York, 1929, 12.
104. Coomaraswamy, History, 95, PL LII.
105. Fischer, 248-9; Fergusson, i, 362-6.
106. Ibid., 368-72.
107. Dr. Coomaraswamy.
108. Coomaraswamy, History, XCVI.
109. Ibid., 169.
110. Gangoly, 29.
111. Coomaraswamy, History, fig. 349; Gangoly, xi.
112. Exs. in Gangoly, xii-xv.
113. Candee, Helen C., Angkor the Magnificent, 302.
114. Ibid., 186.
115. 131, 257, 294.
116. 258.
117. Fischer, 280.
118. Coomaraswamy, History, 173.
119. Havell, History, 327, 296, 376; Architecture, 207; Fergusson, ii, 87, 7.
120. Smith, Ox. H., 223; Frazer, R. W., 363.
121. Smith, f. 329.
122. Fergusson, ii, 309.
123. Ibid., 308n.
124. Lorenz, 376.
125. Chirol, India, 54.
126. Lorenz, 379.
127. Smith, Ox. H., 421.
CHAPTER XXII
1. Zimand, 31.
2. Smith, Ox. H., 502.
3. In Zimand, 32.
4. Ibid., 31-4; Smith, 505; Macauley, i, 504, 580; Dutt, R. C., The Economic History of India in the Victorian Age, 18-23, 32-3.
5. Macaulay, i, 568-70, 603.
6. Dutt, Economic History, 67, 76, 375; Macaulay, i, 529.
7. Ibid., 528.
8. Dutt, xiii, 399, 417.
9. Sunderland, 135; Lajpat Rai, Unhappy India, 343.
10. Dubois, 300.
11. Ibid., 607.
12. Eliot, iii, 409.
13. Monier-Williams, 126.
14. Frazer, R. W., 397.
15. Ibid., 395.
16. Eliot, i, xlvi.
17. Rolland, Prophets, 119; Zimand, 85-6; Wood, 327; Eliot, i, xlviii; Underwood, A. C., Contemporary Thought of India, 137L
17a. Rolland, 61, 260.
18. Ibid., xxvi; Eliot, ii, 162.
19. Brown, B., Hindus, 269.
20. Rolland, 160, 243; Brown, B., 264-5.
21. Rolland, 427.
22. Ibid., 251, 293, 449-50.
23. Ibid., 395.
24. Tagore, R., Gitanjali, New York, 1928, xvii; My Reminiscences, 15, 201, 215.
25. Thompson, E. J., Rabindranath Tagore, 82.
26. Tagore, R., The Gardener, 74-5.
27. Tagore, Gitanjali, 88.
28. Tagore, Chitra, esp. pp. 57-8.
29. Tagore, The Gardener, 84.
30. Thompson, E. J., 43.
31. Ibid., 94, 99; Fülop-Miller, 246; Underwood, A. C., 152.
32. Tagore, R., Sadhana, 25, 64.
33. The Gardener, 13-15.
34. Kohn, 105.
35. Zimand, 181; Lorenz, 402; Indian Year Book, 1929, 29.
36. “Close, Upton” (Josef Washington Hall), The Revolt of Asia, 235; Sunderland, 204; Underwood, 153.
37. Smith, Ox. H., 35.
38. Simon, i, 37; Dubois, 73.
39. Ibid., 190.
40. Havell, History, 165; Lorenz, 327.
41. Kohn, 426.
42. Simon, i, 38.
43. Lajpat Rai, Unhappy India, lviii, 191; Mukerji, A Son, 27; Sunderland, 247; New York Times, Sept. 24, 1929, Dec. 31, 1931.
44. Wood, III; Sunderland, 248.
45. Indian Year Book, 23.
46. Wood, 117.
47. Kohn, 425.
48. Prof. Sudhindra Bose, in The Nation, New York, June 19, 1929.
49. New York Times, June 16, 1930.
50. Hall, J. W., 427; Fülop-Miller, 272.
51. Ibid., 171.
52. Ibid., 174-6.
53. Gandhi, M. K., Young India, 123.
54. Ibid., 133.
55. Hall, 408.
56. Fülop-Miller, 202-3.
57. Ganadhi, Young India, 21.
58. Rolland, Mahatma Gandhi, 7.
59. Ibid., 40; Hall, 400.
60. Gray and Parekh, Mahatma Gandhi, 27; Parmelee, 302.
61. Simon, i, 249.
62. Fülop-Miller, 299; Rolland, Gandhi, 220; Kohn, 410-12.
63. Fülop-Miller, 177.
64. Ibid., 315.
65. Ibid., 186.
66. Gandhi, Young India, 869, 2.
67. Hall, 506; Fülop-Miller, 227.
68. Zimand, 220.
69. Fülop-Miller, 171-2.
70. Ibid., 207, 162.
CHAPTER XXIII
1. I am indebted for this quotation from the Book of Rites to Upton Close. Cf. Gowen and Hall, Outline History of China, 50; Hirth, F., Ancient History of China, 155.
1a. Reichwein, A., China and Europe: Intellectual and Artistic Contacts in the Eighteenth Century, 92.
2. Ibid., 89f., Voltaire, Works, New York, 1927, xiii, 19.
3. Keyserling, Creative Understanding,, 122, 203; Travel Diary, ii, 67, 58, 50, 57, 48, 68.
4. Lippert, 91; Keyserling, Travel Diary, ii, 53.
5. Smith, A. H., Chinese Characteristics, 98.
6. Giles, H. A., Gems of Chinese Literature: Prose, 119.
7. Williams, S. Wells, Middle Kinigdom, i, 5; Brinkley, Capt. F., China: Its History, Arts and Literature, x, 3.
8. Ibid., 2; Hall, J. W., Eminent Asians, 41.
10. Pittard, 397; Buxton, 153; Granet, Chinese Civilization, New York, 1930, 63; Latourette, K. S., The Chinese: Their History and Culture, 35-6; New York Times, Feb. 15, 1933.
11. Lowie, 182; Fergusson, J., History of Indian and Eastern Architecture, ii, 468; Legendre, A. F., Modern Chinese Civilization, 234; Granet, 64.
12. Ibid., 215, 230.
13. Gowen and Hall, 26-7.
14. Confucius (?), Book of History, rendered and compiled by W. G. Old, 20-1.
15. Giles, Gems, 72.
16. Hirth, 40.
17. Ibid., 53-7.
18. Wilhelm, R., Short History of Chinese Civilization., 124; Granet, 86.
19. Ibid., 87.
20. Confucius, Analects, XIV, xviii, 2, in Legge, Jas., Chinese Classics, Vol. I: Life and Teachings of Confucius.
21. Legge, 213n.
22. Hirth, 107-8; Latourette, i, 57; Gowen and Hall, 64; Schneider, H., ii, 796-8.
23. Granet, 78.
24. Ibid., 32-3; Hu Shih, Development of the Logical Method in Ancient China, 22; Latourette, ii, 52.
25. Ibid., 58-9; Granet, 87-8; Hirth, no.
26. Giles, H. A., History of Chinese Literature, 5.
27. Book of Odes, I, x, 8, and xii, 10, in Hu Shih, Pt. I, p. 4.
28. Cranmer-Byng, L., The Book of Odes, 51.
29. Tr. by Helen Waddell in Van Doren, Anthology of World Poetry, 1.
30. In Yang Chu’s Garden of Pleasure, 64.
31. Fenollosa, E. F., Epochs of Chinese and Japanese Art, 14; Hirth, 59-62; Hu Shih, 28f; Suzuki, D. T., Brief History of Early Chinese Philosophy, 14; Murdoch, Jas., History of Japan, iii, 108.
32. Hu Shih, 12.
33. Legge, 75n.
34. In Hu Shih, 12.
35. Ibid., 13.
36. Ibid., 12.
37. Giles, History, 57; Legge, Jas., The Texts of Taoism, i, 4-5.
38. Giles, History, 57; Giles, Gems, 55.
39. Legge, Texts of Taoism, i, 4L
40. II, lxxxi, 3; I, lxv, 1-2.
41. In Suzuki, 81.
42. II, lvii, 2-3; lxxx. Parenthetical passages, in this and other quotations, are usually explanatory interpolations, nearly always of the translator.
43. Yang Chu, 16, 19; Schneider, ii, 810; Hu Shih, 14; Wilhelm, Short History, 247.
44. I, xvi, 1-2.
45. I, xliii, 1; xlix, 2; lxi, 2; lxiii, 1; lxxviii, 1; lxxxi, 1; Giles, History, 73.
46. II, lxi, 2.
47. II, lvi, 1-2.
48. Granet, 55.
49. II, lvi, 2.
50. I, xvi, 1; II, lvi, 3; Parmelee, 43.
51. Legge, Texts of Taoism, 34; Life and Teachings of Confucius, 64.
61. Legge, Texts, 34.
62. Ibid.
63. Szuma Ch’ien in Legge, Life, 58n.
64. Ibid.
65. Legge, Life, 55-8; Wilhelm, R., Soul of China, 104.
66. Hirth, 229.
67. Analects, VII, xiii.
68. VIII, viii.
69. XV, xv.
70. VII, viii.
71. VII, xii.
72. VI, ii, XI, iii.
73. XVII, xxii; XIV; xlvi.
74. Legge, Life, 65.
75. Ibid., 79.
76. V, xxvii.
77. VII, xxxii.
78. XIII, x.
79. IX, iv.
80. VII, i.
81. IV, xiv.
82. Legge, Life, 67.
83. XII, xi.
84. Legge, Life, 68.
85. Ibid., 72.
86. Ibid., 75.
87. IX, xvii.
88. Legge, 83.
89. Ibid., 82.
90. XV, xviii.
91. II, iv.
92. Legge, 82.
93. Mencius, Works of, tr. by Legge, III, l, iv, 13.
94. Wilhelm, Short History, 143; Legge, Life, 16.
95. Ibid., 267, 27; Hu Shih, 4.
96. XV, 40.
97. II, xvii.
98. XIII, iii.
99. III, xiii, 2.
100. IX, xv.
101. Legge, Life, 101; Giles, History, 33; Suzuki, 20.
102. Legge, 101.
103. XI, xi.
104. VI, 20.
105. VII, 20.
106. Giles, History, 69.
107. XV, ii.
108. Great Learning, I, 4-5, in Legge, Life, 266. I have ventured to change “illustrate illustrious virtue” in Legge’s translation, to “illustrate the highest virtue”; and the words “own selves” have been substititued for “persons,” since “the cultivation of the person” has now a misleading connotation.
109. XIV, xlv.
110. XV, xxxi; II, xiv; XIII, iii, 7.
111. VI, xvi.
112. Doctrine of the Mean, XII, 4, in Legge.
113. Analects, II, xiii.
114. Doctrine of the Mean, XIV, 5.
115. XV, xviii-xx.
116. XIV, xxix; XI, xiii, 3; D. of M. XXXIII, 2.
117. Ibid., XI, 3.
118. Li-chi, XVII, i, 11-2.
119. Spinoza, Ethics, Bk. III, Prop. 59.
120. D. of M., XXIX, tr. by Suzuki, 64.
121. Suzuki, 63.
122. Analects, XII, ii; V, xvi.
123. XV, xxiii.
124. XIV, xxxvi, 1-2.
124a. IV, xvii.
124b. XII, vi.
125. XIII, xxiii.
126. D. of M., XIV, 3.
127. IV, xxiv; V, iii, 2; XVII, vi; XV, xxi.
128. V, xvi; XVI, xiii, 5.
129. XVI, 10.
130. I, ii, 2; Legge, Life, 106.
131. IV, xviii; Li-chi, XII, i, 15; Brown, B., Story of Confucius, 183.
132. Great Learning, X, 5.
133. Analects, XII, vii.
134. XII, xix; II, ii, xx.
135. XII, xxiii, 3.
136. D. of M., XX, 4.
137. Analects, XIII, x-xii.
138. Great Learning, X, 9.
139. Analects, XII, xix; XV, xxxviii.
140. Li-chi, XVII, i, 28; iii, 23; Brown, Story of Confucius, 181.
141. Analects, XX, iii, 3.
142. Li-chi, XXVII, 33; XXIII, 7-8.
143. Ibid., VIL i, 2-3, quoted in Dawson, Ethics of Confucius, 299, from Chen Huang-chang, The Economic Principles of Confucius and His School. 182.
144. Latourette, i, 80-1.
145. Legge, Life, 106.
146. D. of M., XXX-XXXI.
147. Hu Shih, 109f.
148. Hirth, 307.
149. Mencus, VII, i, 26, in Hu Shih, 58.
150. Hu Shih, 72.
151. Ibid., 57, 75; Latourette, i, 78.
152. In Hirth, 281.
153. Hu Shih, 69-70.
154. Thomas, E. D., Chinese Political Thought, 29-30.
155. Hu Shih, 58.
156. Mencius, Introd., III.
157. Wilhelm, Short History, 150; Hu Shih 197.
158. Hu Shih, 62.
159. Mencius, Introd., 93.
160. Yang Chu, 10, 51; Latourette, i, 80.
161. Mencius, Introd., 96; Yang Chu, 57.
162. Mencius, Introd., 96-7.
163. Hirth, 27-9.
164. Mencius, III, ii, 9.
165. Mencius, Introd., 14-18.
166. Ibid., 42.
167. Ibid., I, ii, 3; ii, 5; pp. 156, 162.
168. Ibid., 12.
169. VI, i, 2.
170. I, i, 7.
171. III i, 3.
172. I, i, 3.
173. II, i, 5.
174. Thomas, E. D., 37; Williams, S. Wells, i, 670.
175. IV, ii, 19.
176. Mencius, Introd., 30-1.
177. VI, ii, 4.
178. VII, ii, 4.
179. Quoted in Thomas, E. D., 37.
180. I, i, 3.
181. II, 11, 4.
182. VII, ii, 14.
183. V, ii, 9; I, ii, 6-8.
184. Mencius., Introd., 84.
185. Ibid., 79-80.
186. Ibid., 86.
187. In Hu Shih, 152.
188. Legge, Texts of Taoism, V, 5.
189. Ibid., Introd., 37.
190. XVII, II.
191. In Thomas, E. D., 100.
192. XI, i.
193. XVI, 2; IX, 2.
194. XII, II.
195. XII, 2.
196. II, 2; XX, 7; Giles, Gems, 32.
197. II, 7; XXII, 5.
198. VI, 7.
199. In Suzuki, 36.
200. XVII, 4; Hu Shih, 146.
201. XVIII, 6.
202. II, 11; tr. by Giles, History, 63.
203. VI, 10; tr. by Suzuki, 181-2.
204. In Giles, History, 68.
205. In Reichwein, 79f.
206. Ibid.
207. Ibid., 84.
208. Wilhelm, Soul of China, 233.
209. Thomas, E. D., 25.
210. Voltaire, Works, iv, 82.
211. Reichwein, 131; Hirth, vii.
CHAPTER XXIV
1. Giles, Gems, 33.
2. Granet, 37; Gowen and Hall, 84; Giles, History, 78.
3. Granet, 41.
4. Voltaire, Works . iv, 82.
5. Granet, 37, 97-8, 101-3; Boulger, D. C., History of China, i, 68-70; Wilhelm, Short History, 157.
6. Boulger, i, 71.
7. Granet, 38.
8. Ibid.
9. Ibid., 103; Schneider, ii, 790; Wilhelm, Short History, 160-1; Lautourette, 1,96.
10. Gowen and Hall, 84f; Giles, History, 78.
11. Hall, J. W., Eminent Asians, 6.
12. Boulger, i, 64.
13. Ibid., 62; Latourette, i, 99.
14. Granet, 38-40; Boulger, i, 77; Giles in G(owen) & H (all), 92.
15. Boulger, i, 106; Granet, 44.
16. Szuma Ch’ien in Granet, 113.
17. Ibid.
18. Granet, 112-3.
19. Ibid., 118.
20. Fenollosa, i, 77.
21. Waley, Arthur, Introduction to the Study of Chinese Painting, 27; G & H, 102.
22. Granet, 113-5.
23. Wilhelm, Short History, 186, 194.
24. Lautourette, i, 121.
25. Ibid., 120-2.
26. Ibid., 122.
27. G & H, 118.
28. Ibid., 117-21.
29. Fenollosa, i, 117.
30. Voltaire, Works, xiii, 26.
31. Tu Fu, Poems, tr. by Edna W. Underwood, xli.
32. Li-Po, Works, done into English Verse by Shigeyoshi Obata, 91.
33. Tu Fu, xlviii.
34. In Li-Po, I.
35. In Tu Fu, xli.
36. Murdoch, History of Japan, i, 146.
37. Waley, Chinese Painting, 142.
38. Ibid., 97.
39. Wilhelm, Short History, 224.
40. Williams, S. Wells, i, 696f.
41. Li-Po, 20.
42. Ibid., 95.
43. Ibid., 30.
44. Williams, S. Wells, i, 697.
45. Li-Po, 31.
46. G & H, 113.
47. Li-Po, 100.
48. Ibid., 84.
49. 138.
50. 191.
51. 71.
52. 55.
53. 97.
54. Ibid., ii.
55. Ibid., 25.
56. Giles, History, 50.
57. Translations by Arthur Waley, Amy Lowell and Florence Ayscough, in Van Doren, Anthology, 18-20.
58. Waley, Arthur, 170 Chinese Poems, 106-8.
59. Ibid., 162.
60. Ibid., 168.
61. In Van Doren, 24.
62. Giles, History, 156; Ayscough, Florence, Tu Fu: The Autobiography of a Chinese Poet, 105.
63. Ibid., 75.
64. Tu Fu, Poems, 118, 184, 154.
65. Ibid., 95.
66. 30, 7, 132.
67. 137.
68. 72, 133, and introd.
69. Williams, S. Wells, i, 602.
70. Giles, History, 276.
71. Ibid., 102.
72. Ibid.
73. Thomas, E. D., 5.
74. Giles, History, 200-3.
75. Ibid., 160.
76. G & H, 156.
77. Wilhelm, Short History, 255; Giles, History, 258.
78. Williams, S. Wells, i, 820; Latourette. ii, 220.
79. Ibid., 221.
80. Wilhelm, 141.
81. Pratt, History of Music, 32-5.
82. Giles, Gems, 117.
CHAPTER XXV
1. G & H, 142.
2. Ibid., 141.
3. Ibid., 140-3; Latourette, i, 252-7; Wilhelm, 237-8; Murdoch, iii, 106f; Fenollosa, ii, 33, 57.
4. G & H, 133, quoting Walter T. Swingle, Librarian of the U. S. Dept. of Agriculture.
5. Carter, Invention of Printing 2.
6. Ibid., 3.
7. Ibid., 96.
8. Sarton, 369.
9. Carter, 25.
10. Ibid., 145; Sarton, 512.
11. Carter, 41.
12. Ibid., 43, 183.
13. G & H, 133.
14. Carter, 250.
15. Ibid., 178, 171.
16. Ibid., 177-8; Sarton, 663.
17. Ibid.; G & H, 164; Giles, History, 296.
18. Chu Hsi, Philosophy of Human Nature, 75; Bryan, J. J., Literature of Japan, 122; Latourette, i, 262-3; Williams, S. Wells, i, 683; Wilhelm, Short History, 249-50; Aston, W. G., History of Japanese Literature, 226-7.
19. Chu Hsi, 68.
20. Wilhelm, 249-50.
21. Wang Yang-ming, Philosophy, tr. by Fredk. G. Henke, 177-8.
22. Armstrong, R. C., Light from the East: Studies in Japanese Confucianism, 121; Brinkley, Capt. F., Japan: Its History, Arts and Literature, iv, 125.
23. Wang Yang-Ming, 8, 12, 50, 59.
24. Brinkley, Japan, iv, 125.
25. Wang Yang-ming, 106, 52.
26. Ibid., 115-6.
27. Hobson, R. L., Chinese Art, 14.
28. Encyc. Brit., xiii, 575.
29. Cf. the imperial marriage-table in Hobson, R. L., Pl. LXXXIII.
30. Ibid., XCI.
31. Illustrated in Encyc. Brit., xiii, f. p. 576.
32. Ferguson, J. C., Outlines of Chinese Art, 67.
33. Hobson, R. L., LXXVIII.
34. Ibid., LXXVII, I.
35. Lorenz, ’Round the World Traveler, 197.
36. Encyc. Brit., xii, 864.
37. Fry, R. E., Chinese Art, 31; Granet, 37, Encyc. Brit., iv, 245.
38. Chinese Art, 33.
39. Fischer, Otto, 374.
40. Encyc. Brit., Pl. XIV, f. p. 246; collection of Mr. Warren E. Cox.
41. Chinese Art, 47.
42. Faure, History of Art, ii, 55.
43. Encyc. Brit., v, f. p. 581.
44. Siren, O., in Encyc. Brit., v, 581; Chinese Art, 48.
45. Stein, Sir Aurel, Innermost Asia, Vol. i, Plates VIII, XI, XIX and XXIV.
46. Encyc. Brit., v. f. p. 586, Plate X, 2; Fischer, 366.
47. Encyc. Brit., v. f. p. 584, Pl. VII, 4.
48. Ibid., f. p. 585, Pl. VIII, 2.
49. Ibid., f. p. 586, Pl. XI, 2 and 3.
50. Fergusson, Jas., History of Indian and Eastern Architecture, ii, 454.
51. Fergusson, Jas., in Williams, S. Wells, i, 727.
52. Cf. the decorative design reproduced in Stein, Sir A., Innermost Asia, Vol. iii, Pl. XXV; and the patiently carved and ornamental ceiling shown in Pelliot, Vol. iv, Pl. CCXXV.
53. Fergusson, op. cit., ii, 464.
54. Coomaraswamy, History, 152.
55. Williams, S. Wells, i, 744.
56. Lorenz, 203.
57. Cook’s, Guide to Peking, 28, 30.
58. Fergusson, ii, 481.
59. Legendre, 79.
60. Ibid., 156.
61. Smith, Chinese Characteristics, 134.
62. Waley, Chinese Painting, 69-70.
63. Siren, Osvald, Chinese Paintings in American Collections, i, 36.
64. Giles, H. A., Introduction to the History of Chinese Pictorial Art, 2.
65. Wilhelm, Short History, 38.
66. Giles, Pictorial Art, 3.
67. Ibid.; Waley, Chinese Painting, 32,
68. Fenollosa, ii, p. xxx.
69. Waley, Chinese Painting, 45.
70. Encyc. Brit., art. on “Chinese Painting,” Pl. II, 6.
71. Fischer, 325-31.
72. Waley, 49.
73. Ibid., 51.
74. Giles, Pictorial Art, 21.
75. Tu Fu, 97; cf. 175 and 187.
76. Giles, Pictorial Art, 79.
77. Wilhelm, 244.
78. Waley, 183.
79. Fenollosa, i. f. p. 120; Fischer, 490.
80. Ibid., 424.
81. Giles, 47-8.
82. Ibid., 50; Binyon, L., Flight of the Dragon, 43.
83. Giles, 47.
84. Croce, Benedetto, Esthetic, 50.
85. In Waley, 117.
86. Binyon, III.
87. Siren, i, Plates 5-8; Encyc. Brit., “Chinese Painting,” Pl. II, 4.
88. Fenollosa, ii, 27.
89. Waley, 177.
90. G & H, 146.
91. A Chinese writer in Giles, Pictorial Art, 115.
92. Fischer, 492.
93. E.g., Fenollosa, ii, 42.
95. Ibid., 62.
96. Gulland, W. G., Chinese Porcelain, i, 16.
97. Chinese Art, 11.
98. Ibid., 2s
99. Hsieh Ho in Coomaraswamy, Dance of Siva, 43.
100. Binyon. 65-8; Chinese Art, 47.
101. In Okakura-Kakuso, The Book of Tea, 108.
102. Gulland, i, 3.
103. Encyc. Brit., xviii, 361.
104. Ibid.; Legendre, 233.
105. Encyc. Brit., xviii, 362; Carter, 93.
106. Ibid., I.e.
107. Brinkley, China, ix, 229.
108. Ibid., 62.
109. Ibid., 87; Gulland, 139.
110. Brinkley, 75.
111. G & H, 165.
112. Brinkley, China, ix, 256.
113. Encyc. Brit., viii, 419.
114. Brinkley, China, ix, 210, 215.
115. Ibid., 376, 554; Encyc. Brit., art. “Ceramics.”
CHAPTER XXVI
1. Polo, Travels, 78, 188.
2. Ibid., v-vii; a perfect introduction, to which the present account is much indebted.
3. Polo, 232-40.
4. 152.
5. 129.
6. G & H, 135f.
7. Giles, History, 248-9.
8. Polo, 172.
9. Giles, 247.
10. Polo, 158.
11. Ibid., 125.
12. 149.
13. P. xxiv of Komroff’s Introduction.
14. G & H, 172.
15. Ibid.
16. Latourette, i, 330; Wilhelm, Short History, 260; G & H, 195; Giles, History, 291; Gulland, W. G., ii, 288.
17. G & H, 209.
18. Ibid., 227.
19. Quoted in Parmelee, 218, and in Bisland, Elizabeth, Three Wise Men of the East, 125.
20. Wilhelm, 204; Latourette, i, 203; G & H, 186; Brinkley, China, x, 4.
21. Latourette, i, 289.
22. Brinkley, I.e., 12.
23. Williams, S. Wells, i, 770.
24. Ibid., 762.
25. Wilhelm in Keyserling, Book of Marriage, 133; Waley, Chinese Painting, 165.
26. Legendre, 23.
27. Ibid., 75; Park, No Yong, Making a New China, 122.
28. Smith, Chinese Characteristics, 127.
29. Polo, 236.
30. Pitkin, Short Introduction, 182.
32. Wilhelm, Short History, 64.
33. Mason, Art of Writing, 154-79.
34. Legendre, 67, 113.
35. Okakura, 3, 36.
36. Granet, 144-5.
37. Legendre, 114.
38. Wilhelm, Soul of China, 339.
40. Smith, Characteristics, 21; Park, No Yong, 123; Legendre, 86; Williams, S. Wells, i, 775-80.
41. Latourette, i, 225.
42. Park, 121; Smith, Characteristics, 19.
43. Eddy, Sherwood, Challenge of the East, 81.
44. Giles, Gems, 285.
45. Murdoch, iii, 262.
46. Sarton, 452.
47. National Geographical Magazine, April, 1932, p. 511.
48. Sumner and Keller, iii, 2095.
49. Wilhelm, Short History, 134; Wilhelm, Soul of China, 361-2; G & H, 59.
50. Polo, 236.
51. Peffer, N., China: the Collapse of a Civilization, 25-32; Parmelee, 101; Legendre, 57.
52. Williams, S. Wells, i, 413; Wilhelm, Short History, 11.
53. Park, 85; G & H, 290.
54. Park, 67.
55. Latourette, ii, 206; G & H, 2-3.
56. Renard, 161.
57. Park, 92.
58. Sumner, Folkways, 153; Latourette, i, 63.
59. Ibid., 252.
60. Polo, 159; Carter, 77.
61. Carter, 92.
62. Hirth, 126f.
63. Ibid.
64. Carter, 93.
65. Polo, 170n.
66. Legendre, 107-10.
67. Sarton, 371, 676; Schneider, 11, 860.
68. Sarton, 183, 410.
69. Waley, Chinese Painting, 30.
70. Schneider, ii, 837.
71. Voltaire, Works, iv, 82; Hirth, 119; Wilhelm, Soul, 306.
72. Garrison, 73; Schneider, ii, 859; Sarton, 310, 325, 342.
73. Ibid., 436, 481; Garrison, 73.
74. Latourette, 313; Garrison, 75.
75. Williams, S. Wells, i, 738; Legendre, 56.
76. Wilhelm, Short History, 79, 81; Smith, Characteristics, 290, 297; Spengler, O., Decline of the West, ii, 286; Granet, 163; Latourette, ii, 163-5.
77. Smith, Characteristics, 292; Suzuki, 47, 112, 139; Wilhelm, Short History, 69.
78. Hirth, 81.
79. Ibid., 118; Smith, 164, 331.
80. Granet, 321.
81. Wilhelm, Soul, 125.
82. Legge, Texts of Taoism, i, 41.
83. Suzuki, 72; Wilhelm, Short History, 248.
84. Waley, Chinese Painting, 28.
85. Potter, Chas. F., Story of Religion, 198.
86. Wilhelm, Soul, 357; Murdoch, iii, 104; Waley, 33-4, 79; Sarton, 470, 552; Carter, 32; Gulland, 27; Latourette, i, 171, 214; ii, 154-5; G & H, 104; Schneider, ii, 803.
87. Smith, Characteristics, 89; Latourette, ii, 129; Parmelee, 81.
88. Smith, 304; Legendre, 197.
89. Wilhelm, Short History, 224; Lorenz, 202.
90. G & H, 118, 527.
91. Fenollosa, ii, 149.
92. Voltaire, Works, xiii, 29.
93. Quoted by Wilhelm in Keyserling, Book of Marriage, 137.
94. Mencius, IV, i, 26.
95. Latourette, ii, 197; Granet, 321; Williams, S. Wells, i, 836; Legendre, 26.
96. Wilhelm in Keyserling, 137; Wilhelm, Soul, 22; Wilhelm, Short Hstory, 104; Smith, 213.
97. Granet, 345; Williams, S. Wells, i, 836; Westermarck, Moral Ideas, i, 462; Ellis, H., Studies in the Psychology of Sex, vol. ii, Sexual Inversion, 6f.
98. Briffault, iii, 346.
99. Ibid.; Wilhelm in Keyserling, 126.
100. Williams, S. Wells, i, 834.
101. Brinkley, China, x, 101.
102. Polo, 134, 152, 235.
103. Parmelee, 182; Briffault, ii, 333.
104. Li-Po, 152.
105. Walev, 170 Chinese Poems, 19; Keyserling, Travel Diary, ii, 97.
106. Hirth, 116.
107. Williams, S. Wells, 785.
108. Ibid., 787-90.
109. Wilhelm, in Keyserling, Book of Marriage, 134.
110. Briffault, ii, 263.
111. Williams, S. Wells, i, 407-8.
112. Park, 133.
113. Wilhelm, Short History, 59; Wilhelm, in Keyserling, 123; Briffault, i, 302f.
114. Thomas, E. D., 134; Briffault, i, 368.
115. Granet, 43.
116. Briffault, ii, 331.
117. Cranmer-Byng, The Book of Odes, 11; Giles, History, 108, 274.
118. Smith, 194; Sumner and Keller, iii, 1754; Legendre, 18.
119. Li-chi, IX, iii, 7; Smith, 215; Sumner and Keller, iii, 1844.
120. In Briffault, ii, 331.
121. Waley, 170 Chinese Poems, 94.
122. Armstrong, 56.
123. Williams, S. Wells, i, 825.
124. Westermarck, Moral Ideas, i, 89; Keyserling, Travel Diary, ii, 65; Smith, 192; Legendre, 122.
125. Wilhelm, Soul, 309.
126. Voltaire, Works, xiii, 19.
127. Brinkley, China, x, 37, 44, 49.
128. Smith, 225.
129. Thomas, E. D., 236; Williams, S. Wells, i, 504; Latourette, ii, 46.
130. Garrison, 75.
131. Williams, i, 391-2; Latourette, ii, 46.
132. Williams, ii, 512; Hirth, 123; Wilhelm, Soul, 19.
133. Brinkley, I.e., 3.
134. Ibid., 78.
136. Ibid., 92.
137. Williams, i, 544.
138. Legendre, 158; Hall, J. W., Eminent Asians, 35.
139. Williams, i, 569.
140. Latourette, ii, 21; Brinkley, China, x, 86.
CHAPTER XXVII
1. Latourette, i, 313.
2. Lorenz, 248.
3. Latourette, i, 314.
4. Lorenz, 248; G & H, 238.
5. Norton, H. K., China and the Powers, 55; Latourette, i, 367; Peffer, 57.
6. Latourette, i, 376, 385; Norton, 56.
7. Park, 149.
8. Peffer, 88f; Latourette, i, 413.
9. G & H, 306.
10. Hall, Eminent Asians, 17; Peffer, 151.
11. Latourette, i, 411.
12. Hall, 33.
13. Peffer, 93.
14. G & H, 314.
15. N. Y. Times, Feb. II, 1934.
16. Eddy, Challenge of the East, 73.
18. Park, 86.
19. Latourette, ii, 93-6.
20. Eddy, 74.
21. Park, 89.
22. Eddy, 89.
23. Peffer, 241.
24. Peffer, 251.
25. Modern Review, Calcutta, May 1, 1931.
26. Peffer, 185.
27. Latourette, ii 174.
29. Ibid. 176.
30. Parmelee 94.
31. Park, 135; Lorenz, 192.
32. Wu, Chao-chu, The Nationalist Program for China, 28.
33. Legendre, 240.
34. Park, 114.
35. Close, Upton, Revolt of Asia, 245.
36. Lorenz, 250.
38. Hu Shih, 8.
39. Ibid., 7.
CHAPTER XXVIII
1. The Kojiki (681-711), in Murdoch, i, 59f, and Gowen, H. H., Outline History of Japan, 37f.
2. Murdoch, iii, 483.
3. Gowen, Japan, 13; Chamberlain, B. H., Things Japanese, 249.
4. Gowen, 25, reports three days of rain or snow in the average week.
5. Gowen, 17, 21; Chamberlain, B. H., 195; Redesdale, Lord, Tales of Old Japan, 2.
6. Chamberlain, B. H., 127.
7. Gowen, 99; Murdoch, iii, 211, 395-7; Chamberlain, 130.
8. Ibid., 128.
9. Hearn, Lafcadio, Japan: An Interpretation, 455.
11. Gowen, 61; Murdoch, i, 38.
12. Ibid.
13. Hearn, 448; Fenollosa, ii, 159.
14. Fenollosa, i, 64; Murdoch, i, 98-9.
15. Gowen, 64.
16. Murdoch, i, 94, 97.
17. Armstrong, 5, 18.
18. Ibid., 2.
19. Hearn, 53.
20. Murdoch, i, 39.
21. Brinkley, Capt. F., Japan: Its History, Arts and Literature, v, 118. Hearn, 45, 51
22. Gowen, 67.
23. Ibid., 65.
25. Ibid., 118.
26. Murdoch, i, 240-1.
27. Ibid., i, 377-8; Gowen, 116.
28. Murasaki, Lady, Tale of Genji, 27.
29. Tietjens, 156; tr. Curtis Hidden Page, Some authors attribute the poem to Michizane (Gowen, 119).
30. Close, Upton, Challenge: Behind the Face of Japan, 28; Gowen, 105; Latourette, i, 226.
31. Fenollosa, i, 149.
32. Brinkley Japan iv, 148.
33. Fenollosa i, 153.
34. Murdoch, i, 279.
35. Brinkley, i, 230.
36. Murdoch, i, 228-30.
37. Gowen, 147.
38. Murdoch, ii 711.
38a. Close, Challenge, 54.
39. Gowen, 156.
40. Ibid., 161-2; Murdoch, i, 545; Brinkley, ii, 190.
41. Ibid., ii, 108; viii, 17.
42. Close, 33.
43. Ibid., 34.
44. Murdoch, ii, 305.
45. Ibid., ii, 311.
46. Froez in Murdoch, ii, 369.
47. Gowen, 191.
48. Murdoch, ii, 89, 90, 238; Hearn, 365; Gowen, 191.
49. Hearn, 365.
50. Murdoch, ii, 241.
51. Ibid., 243.
52. Close, 44.
53. Brinkley, ii, 219.
54. Armstrong, 35.
55. Close, 56.
56. Ibid., 57-8.
57. Aston, 218-9; Bryan, 117.
58. Murdoch, ii, 492f
59. Ibid., ii, 288.
60. Brinkley, ii, 205.
61. Murdoch, iii, 315-30.
62. Hearn, 390.
CHAPTER XXIX
1. Hearn, 3.
2. Okakura, 10, 8.
3. Brinkley, iv, 6-7, 134; Murdoch, iii, 171.
4. Brinkley, ii, 115; iv, 172.
5. Ibid., iv, 36.
6. Chamberlain, B. H., 415.
7. Nitobe, Inazo, Bushido, the Soul of Japan, 18.
8. Brinkley, iv, 147, 217; Redesdale, 40.
9. Section 45 of Iyeyasu’s “Legacy,” in Hearn, 193; Murdoch, iii, 40.
10. Ibid.
11. J. H. Longford, in Murdoch, iii, 40n. Longford adds, Se non è vero è ben trovato.
12. Nitobe, 23.
13. Brinkley, iv, 56.
14. Ibid., 142, 109.
15. Hearn, 313; Gowen, 251.
16. Ibid., 364.
17. Murdoch, iii, 221; Aston, 231; Chamberlain, Things Japanese, 220-1; Hearn, 318.
18. Close, 59; Nitobe, 141.
19. Redesdale, 13, 16-7, 272; Aston, 230; Murdoch, iii, 235.
20. Nitobe, 121.
21. Murdoch, i, 188-9.
22. Brinkley, Japan, iv, 53; Hearn 328.
23. Brinkley, iv, 55, 92; Close, 58.
24. Brinkley, iv, 61.
25. Ibid., 63.
26. Hearn, 195.
27. Close, 58.
28. Hearn, 378.
29. Murdoch, iii. 336; Brinkley, iv, 67.
30. Hearn, 260, 255; Murdoch, i, 172; Brinkley, i, 238, 241; iv, III.
31. Gowen, 97.
32. Chamberlain, 150; Redesdale, 116; Armstrong, 19.
33. Brinkley, i, 133.
34. Murdoch, i, 17.
35. Brinkley, v, 195; ii, 118.
36. Gowen, 98.
37. Brinkley, ii, 118; v, 1; Murdoch, i, 603.
38. Ibid.
39. Close, 341.
40. In Aston, 149-50.
41. History of Japan, iii, 21, in Murdoch, iii, 171.
42. Cf. Close, 369.
43. Murdoch, iii, 446-50.
44. Encyc. Brit., viii, 910.
45. Gowen, 115.
46. Sansum, W. D., M.D., Normal Diet, 76.
47. Brinkley, i, 209, 213.
48. Shonagon, Lady Sei, Sketch Book, 29.
49. Brinkley, iv, 176-81; ii, 92, 104; Hearn, 257; Holland, Clive, Things Seen in Japan, 172.
50. Brinkley, i, 139, 209-10; iv, 160, 175, 180.
51. Brinkley, iv, 176.
52. Chamberlain, 60.
53. Ibid.
54. Murdoch, i, 40.
55. Brinkley, iv, 164.
56. Ibid.
57. Ibid., i, 146; ii, 106.
58. Ibid., ii, 111-2.
59. Gatenby, E. V., Cloud Men of Yamato, 35-6.
60. Brinkley, ii, 258-66.
61. Okakura, 15.
62. Gowen, 213.
63. Ibid.
64. Okakura, 139; Brinkley, iii, 9.
65. Walsh, Clara, Master-Singers of Japan, 108.
66. Gowen, 23.
67. Binyon, 30.
68. Gatenby, 25.
69. Hearn, 85.
70. Ibid., 75, 80-1, 89; Murdoch, iii, 75.
71. Aston, 232; Hearn, 78; Redesdale, 92; Brinkley, i, 149.
72. Armstrong, 55.
73. Brinkley, i, 188.
74. Shonagon, 50.
76. Brinkley, iv, 142; Close, 62; Chamberlain, 504.
77. Ibid., 501; Keyserling, Travel Diary, ii, 171.
78. Close, 61.
79. Hearn, 68, 83.
80. Genesis, ii, 24; Chamberlain, 166.
81. Nitobe, 141.
82. Cf., e.g., the passage quoted in Bryan, 88.
83. Redesdale, 37; Ficke, A. D., Chats on Japanese Prints, 210; Chamberlain, 525; Keyserling, Travel Diary, ii, 200.
84. Brinkley, iv., 116.
85. Ibid., 120.
86. Murdoch, iii, 216.
87. Brinkley, ii, 49.
88. Redesdale, 34.
89. Brinkley, v, 257.
90. By Prince Aki, 740 A.D., in Gatenby, 33.
91. Tr. by Curtis Hidden Page, in Tietjens, 144.
92. Brinkley, v, 207; Murdock, iii, 112.
93. Ibid., ii, 18-9.
94. Ibid., ii, 18; Brinkley, i, 181.
95. Ibid., i, 182.
96. Murdoch, i, 489.
97. Ibid., 603.
98. Ibid., 605; Armstrong, 171.
99. Brinkley, v, 254.
100. Murdoch, iii, 101, 113.
101. Ibid., 115-9.
102. Armstrong, 65f.
103. Ibid., 76, 78; Aston, 263-4.
104. Ekken, Kaibara, Way of Contentment, tr. by K. Hoshino, 7f.
105. Ibid., 90.
106. 24, 17.
107. 24.
108. 33, 39, 43.
109. 35, 44, 59, 61, 49, 54. I have ventured to print the last two lines as poetry, though the text gives them as prose.
110. Murdoch, iii, 127.
111. Armstrong, 133.
112. Ibid.
113. Murdoch, iii, 129f.
114. In Armstrong, 222.
115. Ibid., 236f, 226.
116. 263-4.
117. 261.
118. 24lf.
119. 255; Murdoch, iii, 481.
120. Ibid., iii, 343-4.
121. Ibid. 474.
122. Ibid., 476f, 485; Aston, 319-32.
123. Murdoch, iii, 491-2.
CHAPTER XXX
1. Close, 28.
2. Bryan, 13-15; Aston, 56-7; Gowen, 125.
3. Carter, 35.
4. Ibid., 178.
5. Close, 77.
6. Brinkley, i, 229; iv, 136.
7. Gatenby, 27.
8. Bryan, 54, 74.
9. Aston, 263.
10. Tr. by Curtis Hidden Page, in Tietjens, 162.
11. Tietjens, 163.
12. Murdoch, i, 515,
13. Murasaki, Lady, 239.
14. Ibid., 149, 235; Shonagon, 51.
15. Murdoch, iii, 326.
16. Noguchi, Yone, Spirit of Japanese Poetry, 11.
17. Gatenby, 97-102; Tietjens, 159.
18. Holland, 157.
19. Murdoch, iii, 470.
20. Gowen, 128.
21. Murasaki, 33, 29.
22. Ibid., 75.
23. 98, 134.
24. 144.
25. 46.
26. 50.
27. Bryan, 65; Gowen, 128.
28. Holland, 137; Aston, 56.
29. Ibid., 346-8, 391.
30. Ibid., 269-71.
31. Ibid., 392.
32. Murdoch, i, 571.
33. Aston, 255.
34. Brinkley, v, 112.
35. Aston, 249.
36. Gowen, 268.
37. Murdoch, iii, 240.
38. Aston, 116.
39. Ibid., ii4f. I have changed the order of the last five items.
40. Aston, 197-9; Bryan, 100.
41. Redesdale, 84.
42. Close, 65.
43. Okakura, 132.
44. Noguchi, II.
45. Bryan, 136.
46. Brinkley, iv, 110.
47. Ibid., vi, 113-5.
48. Aston, 279.
49. Okakura, 112; Brinkley, viii, 29.
50. Brinkley, vii, 319.
51. Eneyc. Brit., vii, 960.
52. Brinkley, i, 219; iv, 156; Chamberlain, 340-3.
53. Brinkley, iv, 78.
54. Murasaki, 212.
55. Chamberlain, 84.
56. Brinkley, vii, 157.
57. Ibid., vii, 84.
58. Fenollosa, i, 56.
59. Gowen, 105.
60. Murdoch, i, 593.
61. Ledoux, L. V., Art of Japan, 62.
62. Armstrong, 9.
63. Brinkley, vii, 77.
64. Gowen, 124.
65. Ibid., 213.
66. Brinkley, viii, 11.
67. Ibid., 265.
68. 25.
69. 180.
70. 185.
71. 236.
72. Brinkley, vii, 339.
73. Ibid., 9.
74. Binyon, 53.
75. Ibid., 20.
76. Fenollosa, ii, 81.
77. Okakura, 113.
78. Encyc. Brit., vii, 964.
79. Ledoux, 26.
80. Ibid., 28.
81. Gowen, 284.
82. Fenollosa, ii, 183. It should be added that in the opinion of some critics Matabei is a mythical personage.
83. Ficke, 282-94.
84. Gowen, 285; Ficke, 363.
85. Noguchi, 27.
86. Ficke, 363.
87. Gowen, 284.
88. Fenollosa, ii, 204.
89. Gowen, 286.
90. Dickinson, G. Lowes, 65.
91. Ten O’Clock, sub fine.
CHAPTER XXXI
1. Murdoch, iii, 456; Gowen, 287.
2. Ibid., 298-9.
3. 300.
4. 312.
5. Brinkley, iv, 217.
6. Ibid., 81, 256.
7. Close, 325.
8. Ibid., 165.
9. Gowen, 349.
10. Close, 149.
12. Gowen, 376.
13. Close, 372.
14. World Almanac, 1935, p. 667.
15. Close, 395.
16. Almanac, 668; Close, 391; N. Y. Times, April 15, 1934.
17. Gowen, 341.
18. Close, 289.
19. Eddy, 119; Park, 250; Holland, 148-52; Barnes, Jos., ed., Empire in the East, 50
20. Eddy, 124f.
21. Ibid., 118, 136.
22. Hearn, 488.
23. Barnes, 69; Close, 373. The Maurette Report, of June 1, 1934, to the International Labor Office, accepts this explanation of the low wage-level in Japan.
24. Close, 344.
25. Hearn, 17.
26. Close, 134-42.
27. Chamberlain, 314; Close, 302.
28. Ibid., 198.
29. Chamberlain, 447.
30. Close, 177f.
31. Eddy, 127.
32. Almanac, 669.
33. Brinkley, v, 83.
34. Almanac, 669.
35. Tsurumi, Y., Present-Day Japan, 68f.
36. Walsh, 116; Bryan, 40, 194.
37. Tsurumi, 59.
38. Gowen, 416.
39. Barnes, 51.
40. Ibid., 48-50, 197.
41. Gowen, 369-70.
42. Ibid., 402.
43. Barnes, 75; Close, 377.
44. Almanac, 674.
45. Barnes, 62.